How to Layer Clothes for Winter in Canada? Newcomers Guide

Bundle Up: A comprehensive guide to navigating Canada’s winter wonderland – from layering essentials to choosing the right winter gear.

For all the scenic beauty and warm welcomes on offer in Canada, its winters can be particularly brutal. Back in 1947 a small hamlet named Yukon recorded an epic -63 degrees Celsius or as cold as on the surface of Mars. And yet Canada knows how to make the most out of its frigid climes. For instance, Rideau Canal in Ottawa becomes the largest skating rink in the world during winters.

For you to make the most out of a country that can send shivers down your spine, consider reading this guide that provides you with essential tips while you are planning a winter trip, engaging in winter activities, or simply braving the cold weather.

First, the key is to have three layers of clothing: base layer, middle layer, and outer layer. The base layer is the closest to your skin and should be your first line of defence against the cold. Look for moisture-wicking materials like merino wool or synthetic fabrics that will keep you dry and warm.

The mid-layer provides insulation and extra warmth. This layer can consist of sweaters, fleece jackets, or down vests. This layer can be added or removed depending on the temperature.

The outer layer is your final defence against the elements. A winter coat or jacket is crucial to protect you from wind chill and light rain or snow. Look for a waterproof shell that provides wind resistance and insulation. Make sure the outer layer is roomy enough to accommodate the other layers comfortably.

Remember to layer up with accessories like hats, scarves, gloves, and neck warmers to protect exposed areas from the cold. Merino wool socks, insulated gloves, and a pair of winter boots are also essential for keeping your feet and hands warm.

Layering For Cold Weather: Why It’s Important

Think of your body as a fortress during the winter season to keep you dry and prevent hypothermia. By wearing multiple layers, you create a barrier that traps body heat and prevents the cold air from penetrating through to your skin.

Layering is particularly beneficial for individuals with hyperhidrosis, a condition characterized by excessive sweating. The moisture-wicking base layer helps to draw sweat away. But how much is enough? It is recommended to wear clothing that insulates for at least ten degrees cooler than the actual temperature.

Winter weather across Canada

Winter weather across Canada varies greatly from region to region. In British Columbia, along the Pacific coastline, winters tend to be milder with relatively less snowfall. The North experiences short and cold winter days, with temperatures dropping well below freezing. The Prairie provinces are known for blisteringly cold temperatures that can reach extreme lows. Ontario and Quebec also endure fierce winters, with heavy snowfall and freezing temperatures. Finally, Atlantic Canada experiences winter storms, bringing significant snowfall and strong winds.

Challenges faced by Newcomers and/or International Students

Canadian winters can be especially challenging for newcomers and international students who are unfamiliar with the extreme cold temperatures and the importance of appropriate clothing. Many individuals come from warmer climates where they have never experienced such frigid conditions, making it difficult to adjust to the harsh Canadian winter weather.

One of the main challenges faced by newcomers and international students is their lack of knowledge about how to layer clothes effectively. Layering is crucial for staying warm in cold temperatures, but without guidance, it can be overwhelming to understand which materials and garments to use.

Another challenge is the limited availability of suitable winter clothing in their wardrobes. Coming from warmer regions, newcomers and international students may not have the necessary winter gear such as insulated coats, waterproof boots, and warm accessories like hats and gloves. This scarcity of appropriate clothing can make it even more difficult to withstand the cold temperatures and engage in outdoor activities.

Essential three Layers for Canadian Winters

When it comes to dressing for Canadian winters, layering is essential. By carefully selecting the right materials and garments, you can create an effective barrier against the cold while still allowing flexibility for outdoor activities. This guide covers the three essential layers for Canadian winters and provides tips on how to choose the right clothing for each layer.

 A Base Layer (Underwear Layer)

A base layer is the first layer of clothing that you wear during winter. It acts as a foundation and is designed to keep you warm and dry by managing moisture. When choosing base layer clothing, it is important to avoid cotton materials as they retain moisture and make you feel colder. Instead, opt for synthetic fabrics like polyester or merino wool, which offer excellent moisture-wicking properties.

Base layer clothing options include briefs, sports bras, and long underwear sets. Briefs and sports bras provide comfortable support, while long underwear sets, which consist of a top and bottom, offer full coverage and insulation. They are usually available in varying thicknesses, allowing you to choose the level of warmth you need based on the outdoor temperature. Popular base layer brands like Patagonia, Smartwool, Icebreaker, and REI Co-Op offer a wide range of high-quality base layer options.

 A Middle Layer (Insulating Layer)

Its primary function is to trap and retain body heat, providing extra warmth and insulation in cold temperatures. This layer is placed over the base layer and underneath the outer layer, creating a sandwich effect that helps regulate body temperature.

There are various materials commonly used for the middle layer, each with its own pros and cons. Fleece is a popular choice, known for its excellent insulation. It effectively retains body heat and wicks moisture away from the body, keeping you dry and comfortable. However, it may not hold up well in wet conditions and is not as wind-resistant as other materials.

Another commonly used material is synthetic insulation, such as PrimaLoft or Thinsulate. Synthetic insulation is lightweight, quick-drying, and provides excellent warmth even when wet. It is also more durable and affordable than natural materials.

Natural materials like down or wool are also popular for the middle layer. Down is known for its exceptional warmth-to-weight ratio, making it an excellent insulator. However, it loses its insulating properties when wet and takes longer to dry. Wool, particularly merino wool, is highly breathable, odor-resistant, and retains heat even when wet. It is a great option for activities with varying levels of intensity.

Several brands offer excellent middle layer options. Patagonia, The North Face, Arc’teryx, and Columbia are renowned for their high-quality insulating layers.

• Top mid-layer
  A fleece or hoody made from materials like polyester or wool is an excellent choice for added insulation. Polyester fleece is known for its exceptional insulation properties. It effectively retains body heat while allowing moisture to escape, keeping you dry and comfortable during outdoor activities. Its lightweight nature makes it easy to layer under a winter coat or jacket.Wool is another popular material for mid-layers. A wool hoody provides extra warmth and can regulate your body temperature, preventing overheating during activities with varying intensity.For those living in the city, a turtleneck sweater is a stylish alternative to a fleece or hoody. Made from wool or synthetic fibers, it provides insulation and breathability without compromising on fashion.When choosing your top mid-layer, look for options from reputable brands like Patagonia, The North Face, or Arc’teryx.

• Bottom mid-layer
  One option for the bottom mid-layer is to combine a base layer with an outer pant. The base layer provides insulation and moisture-wicking properties, while the outer pant offers added protection from wind and cold temperatures. This combination is ideal for high-intensity activities in frigid temperatures.Insulated pants are another great choice for extra warmth. They are designed with built-in insulation to trap body heat and provide added insulation in cold conditions.When selecting materials for bottom mid-layers, consider options like fleece and high-loft fabrics. But in more extreme weather conditions, such as snowy or stormy conditions, snow pants are highly recommended. They offer waterproof and windproof protection, helping to keep you dry and warm during winter adventures.

• Warm jacket
  There are several types of jackets that offer different levels of insulation and protection from the cold. Puffy jackets are a popular choice for their excellent warmth-to-weight ratio. They are typically insulated with synthetic materials. Synthetic insulated jackets are a great option for wet or damp conditions, as they retain their warmth even when wet. On the other hand, down jackets, filled with feathers of ducks or geese, provide the highest level of insulation but can lose their effectiveness when exposed to moisture.Higher quality down jackets will have a higher fill power, indicating the loft and insulation capability of the down. The higher the fill power, the more warmth the jacket will provide. However, this also comes at a higher price point.Another element to consider is the jacket’s outer shell. Look for a waterproof or water-resistant shell to protect against snow or light rain. This will help to keep you dry and comfortable in wet conditions.

• Pants
  One popular choice is snow pants, which are designed specifically for winter adventures. These pants are windproof and waterproof. They will keep you warm while you are skiing, snowboarding, or hiking in the snow.Another option is softshell pants, typically made from a stretchy and water-resistant fabric that allows for better mobility and comfort. For activities that need more movement, such as winter running or snowshoeing, softshell pants can do the trick.For denim fans, it is important to layer the jeans appropriately for added warmth. Consider wearing thermal underwear or base layers underneath your trousers, or layer them with snow pants for extra insulation in colder temperatures.

 An Outer Layer (Shell Layer)

There are two types of outer layer jackets to consider: waterproof and water-resistant. Waterproof jackets are made from materials that prevent water from seeping through, even in heavy rain or snow. On the other hand, water-resistant jackets are designed to repel water to a certain extent, but they may not offer the same level of protection as waterproof jackets. They are useful in light rain or dry snow conditions, making them suitable for less intense winter activities.

When selecting an outer layer, consider the size and fit. You want the jacket to be roomy enough to layer comfortably underneath but not so loose that it compromises its ability to trap body heat. Opt for a size that allows for ease of movement and consider features like adjustable cuffs, hoods, and drawstrings to customize the fit.

Men’s Winter Jackets for Canada

When selecting a winter jacket for Canadian winters, it’s important to choose one that reaches the knees or at least halfway down the thighs. This longer length offers added protection and insulation, keeping your entire upper body warm.

Two top brands that are known for their durability and functionality are Eddie Bauer and Patagonia. They offer a wide range of men’s winter jackets that are designed to withstand cold temperatures and provide ample insulation.

Women’s Winter Jackets for Canada

When it comes to women’s winter jackets for Canada, there are a few brands that stand out. Columbia is known for its innovative Omni-Heat technology, which reflects your body heat back to you, keeping you warm even in extreme conditions. Eddie Bauer’s Storm Down jackets are filled with premium down insulation, ensuring relatively more warmth. And for those looking for a stylish option, Calvin Klein peacoats offer a sophisticated look while still providing the warmth needed for winter in Canada.

While these brands offer great options, it’s also worth exploring Arc’teryx and Patagonia. Although they may come with a higher price tag, these jackets are designed to withstand extreme cold.

Waterproof shell

A waterproof shell layer is an outer layer that provides crucial protection against rain and snow.

The most common option is a waterproof-breathable shell, which allows moisture to escape while preventing water from entering. Another option is a water-resistant shell, which provides a certain level of protection against light rain and snow. While not as effective as a waterproof-breathable shell, a water-resistant shell can still keep you dry in less severe weather conditions.

When choosing a waterproof shell, consider factors such as the level of rain and snow protection needed and the type of winter activities you’ll be engaging in.

Types of Materials for Layers

There are various types of materials that can provide different levels of insulation and moisture-wicking properties. Merino wool is a popular choice for base layers, as it is soft, breathable and regulates body temperature. Synthetic fabrics like polyester and nylon are often used for mid-layers, as they are lightweight, quick-drying, and provide extra warmth.

For outer layers, waterproof and wind-resistant materials like Gore-Tex are ideal to protect against rain, snow and wind chill.

Synthetic

One of the key advantages of synthetic fabrics is their moisture-wicking property, which draws sweat away from the body and keeps you dry. This is especially crucial in cold temperatures, as dampness can make you feel colder. Additionally, synthetic fabrics are fast-drying, allowing you to stay comfortable even if you perspire during outdoor activities.

They are highly resilient, easy to maintain and can withstand extended use and frequent washing without losing their shape or functionality. In terms of care, synthetic fabrics are easy to maintain. A regular wash will keep any unpleasant smells away.

Wool

Known for its natural warmth and moisture-wicking abilities, wool can help keep you comfortable and dry even in the coldest temperatures. Wool can trap and retain body heat while wicking away sweat from the skin. This makes them ideal for outdoor activities and winter adventures. Even after wearing it for extended periods of time, it won’t develop unpleasant smells like some synthetic fabrics do.

If you’re looking to add wool to your winter wardrobe, popular stores like Patagonia, REI, and Icebreaker offer a wide range of wool base layers and sweaters. Look for merino wool, as it is soft, lightweight, and provides excellent insulation.

How to Keep Your Head, Hands, and Feet Warm?

One of the most important things to remember is that heat escapes from your body through your head. Therefore, it’s crucial to wear a hat or beanie that covers your ears and helps to retain body heat. Opt for materials like wool or fleece, as they provide excellent insulation and warmth. You can also consider wearing neck warmers or scarves to protect your neck from cold winds.

Next, your hands require special attention as they are often exposed. Invest in a good pair of insulated gloves or mittens that are waterproof and wind-resistant. Look for materials like synthetic fabrics or genuine leather, as they provide excellent warmth and protection against moisture.

Lastly, don’t forget to take care of your feet, as they tend to get cold easily. Wear a pair of thick, insulated socks made from materials like merino wool or synthetic blends. These materials provide excellent warmth and moisture-wicking properties to keep your feet dry and warm in frigid temperatures. Pair your socks with waterproof boots or winter shoes that offer insulation and excellent traction to prevent slips on icy surfaces.

Remember, it’s better to have extra layers of clothing that you can remove if you get too warm than not having enough layers and risking hypothermia.

 Head

Here are a few headgear options that can help you stay cozy and comfortable.

• Fleece-lined beanies provide excellent warmth and can be easily paired with any outfit. For those looking for extra coverage, trooper hats with ear flaps are a great option. These hats offer full ear coverage and are designed to keep your head and ears warm even in extremely cold conditions.

• Ski cap: If you’re into winter sports and activities, consider investing in a knit ski cap. These caps are designed to be snug-fitting and provide excellent insulation. They are often made from synthetic fabrics that offer wind resistance and repel light rain or snow.

Accessories to keep your head warm and cosy:

• Beanie: When choosing a beanie for maximum warmth, look for one made of pure wool or other high-quality thermal materials. These materials provide excellent insulation by trapping body heat and protecting your head from the frigid temperatures. Opt for a thicker beanie that covers your ears fully, as they are typically the most vulnerable to the cold.

• Scarf: Not only does a warm scarf or neck warmer provide extra warmth to your neck, but it also helps to retain body heat. Look for a scarf made of moisture-wicking materials like merino wool, which can help regulate body temperature and keep you dry in case of snowfall or light rain. It helps to shield your neck from icy winds, reducing the risk of windburn and chapping.

• Neck gaiter: For extended outdoor activities like hiking or skiing, consider investing in a neck gaiter which covers your neck but can also be pulled up to cover your mouth and nose.

The price range for a warm scarf or neck gaiter can vary depending on the brand and materials used. On average, you can find a quality neck gaiter ranging from $10 to $30.

 Hands

There are various options of gloves available to keep your hands warm, each offering different levels of insulation and functionality.

• Gloves: In today’s day and age, when it comes to gloves, choose a pair that is touchscreen-friendly, allowing you to use your smartphone or other devices without having to remove them. Brands like Lululemon and The North Face offer gloves specifically designed with touchscreen compatibility, ensuring you can stay connected while keeping your hands protected from the cold.

• Mittens: For those who prefer the extra warmth that mittens provide, consider investing in a pair with a flap for fingers. This design allows you to expose your fingers when necessary, without having to remove the entire mitten. Some hand mittens come with optional fingers, allowing for more flexibility and dexterity when necessary. This feature is especially useful when operating a camera or tying knots.

• Hand warmers: If you plan on engaging in extended outdoor activities, it’s worth having hand warmers on hand. These small, disposable packets generate heat and can be placed inside your gloves or mittens for added warmth.

• Toe warmers: Toe warmers work similarly, providing warmth to your feet and toes. These adhesive warmers can be applied directly to your socks or inside your shoes, radiating heat and keeping your feet comfortable during winter adventures.

When choosing hand and toe warmers, reputable brands like Kombi offer high-quality options that guarantee warmth and dryness. Some mitts even incorporate magnetic closures, allowing for easy access to gear and added convenience.

 Feet

Figuratively, having cold feet is a sign of loss of confidence. But literally, exposing your feet to harsh winters, can be far more painful. Proper footwear is essential to keep your feet warm, protected, and slip-resistant.

When choosing winter boots, look for ones that are waterproof to keep your feet dry in wet and snowy conditions. Removable liners are a great feature as they allow you to dry them separately after a long day in the snow.

To add extra warmth, consider wearing thick socks or indoor slippers inside your boots. These additional layers will help retain heat and keep your feet cozy. Having a spare pair will ensure that you can change into dry socks if your current pair gets wet. When selecting woolen long socks for cold weather adventures, opt for options made from warm wool or a wool blend.

If you anticipate encountering icy surfaces frequently, you can also opt for boots with metal or rubber grippers, also known as crampons. These accessories can be attached to the sole of your boots and provide extra traction, reducing the risk of slipping. Brands like Sorel, Columbia, or Kamik, offer a wide range of winter boots designed specifically for cold conditions.